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  2. Promiscuous mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promiscuous_mode

    In computer networking, promiscuous mode is a mode for a wired network interface controller (NIC) or wireless network interface controller (WNIC) that causes the controller to pass all traffic it receives to the central processing unit (CPU) rather than passing only the frames that the controller is specifically programmed to receive.

  3. Device Manager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_Manager

    Code Meaning 1: This device has not been configured correctly. 3: The driver for this device may be corrupted, or the system may be running low on memory. 10: This device cannot start. 12: Not enough resources for the device. 14: The computer must be restarted for the device to work properly. 16: Windows can't identify all the resources this ...

  4. Preboot Execution Environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment

    The Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) was introduced as part of the Wired for Management [ 2] framework by Intel and is described in the specification published by Intel and SystemSoft. PXE version 2.0 was released in December 1998, and the update 2.1 was made public in September 1999. [ 3] The PXE environment makes use of several standard ...

  5. Reliability, availability and serviceability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability,_availability...

    Reliability, availability and serviceability ( RAS ), also known as reliability, availability, and maintainability ( RAM ), is a computer hardware engineering term involving reliability engineering, high availability, and serviceability design. The phrase was originally used by IBM as a term to describe the robustness of their mainframe ...

  6. Network interface controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

    A network interface controller ( NIC, also known as a network interface card, [ 3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface[ 4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [ 5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.

  7. Device driver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver

    Input/output. v. t. e. In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. [ 1] A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware ...

  8. Reserved IP addresses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_IP_addresses

    Private network Used for local communications within a private network [3] 198.18.0.0/15 198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255 131 072: Private network Used for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets [9] 198.51.100.0/24 198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255 256: Documentation Assigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and ...

  9. Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

    Many TCP/IP software stack implementations provide options to use hardware assistance to automatically compute the checksum in the network adapter prior to transmission onto the network or upon reception from the network for validation. This may relieve the OS from using precious CPU cycles calculating the checksum.