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In control theory, a bang–bang controller ( hysteresis, 2 step or on–off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states. These controllers may be realized in terms of any element that provides hysteresis. They are often used to control a plant that accepts a binary input, for example a furnace that is either ...
On the left the larger chip version, on the right a small version in USB format. The MSP430 is a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas Instruments, first introduced on 14 February 1992. [ 1] Built around a 16-bit CPU, the MSP430 was designed for low power consumption, [ 2] embedded applications and low cost.
The following boards have Arduino Nano pin-compatible male pin headers with 0.6-inch row-to-row DIP-30 footprint, but these boards have 3.3 volt logic I/O, instead of 5 volt logic I/O for an Arduino Nano. Blue Pill board has a STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. [50] [51] [52] Unfortunately, most blue pill boards now contain a fake STM32 from China ...
Distributed temperature sensing. Distributed temperature sensing systems ( DTS) are optoelectronic devices which measure temperatures by means of optical fibres functioning as linear sensors. Temperatures are recorded along the optical sensor cable, thus not at points, but as a continuous profile.
Temperature control. Temperature control is a process in which change of temperature of a space (and objects collectively there within), or of a substance, is measured or otherwise detected, and the passage of heat energy into or out of the space or substance is adjusted to achieve a desired temperature. [ 1] Thermoregulation is the act of ...
Proportional–integral–derivative controller. A proportional–integral–derivative controller ( PID controller or three-term controller) is a control loop mechanism employing feedback that is widely used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control.
NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping board designs are available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" ( micro-controller unit). [ 8] Strictly speaking, the term "NodeMCU" refers to the firmware rather than the associated development kits. [citation needed]
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. [ 2][ 3] The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other ...