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Health threats from cosmic rays are the dangers posed by cosmic rays to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere. [ 1][ 2] They are one of the greatest barriers standing in the way of plans for interplanetary travel by crewed spacecraft, [ 3][ 4][ 5] but ...
Another quantum effect that predicts the occurrence of faster-than-light speeds is called the Hartman effect: under certain conditions the time needed for a virtual particle to tunnel through a barrier is constant, regardless of the thickness of the barrier. [50] [51] This could result in a virtual particle crossing a large gap faster than ...
Cosmic ray visual phenomena, or light flashes ( LF ), also known as Astronaut's Eye, are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by some astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program. While LF may be the result of actual photons of visible light being sensed by the retina, [ 1] the LF discussed ...
Some processes propagate faster than c, but cannot carry information (see examples in the sections immediately following). In some materials where light travels at speed c/n (where n is the refractive index) other particles can travel faster than c/n (but still slower than c), leading to Cherenkov radiation (see phase velocity below).
Model Shows We Would Have to be Very Ugly to Survive a Car Crash. An Australian sculptor has created a model of what the human body would have to look like to survive a car crash -- and it's the ...
Interstellar travel is the hypothetical travel of spacecraft from one star system, solitary star, or planetary system to another. Interstellar travel is expected to prove much more difficult than interplanetary spaceflight due to the vast difference in the scale of the involved distances. Whereas the distance between any two planets in the ...
The flicker fusion threshold, also known as critical flicker frequency or flicker fusion rate, is the frequency at which a flickering light appears steady to the average human observer. It is a concept studied in vision science, more specifically in the psychophysics of visual perception. A traditional term for "flicker fusion" is "persistence ...
The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. [ 1] Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton ( spaceflight osteopenia ). [ 2] Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions ...