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Error-correcting codes are used in lower-layer communication such as cellular network, high-speed fiber-optic communication and Wi-Fi, [11] [12] as well as for reliable storage in media such as flash memory, hard disk and RAM. [13] Error-correcting codes are usually distinguished between convolutional codes and block codes:
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1][ 2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is either caused by errors in data transmission, typically across wireless networks, [ 1][ 2] or network congestion. [ 3]: 36 Packet loss is measured as a percentage of packets lost with respect to packets sent.
RFC (s) RFC 9293. The Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery ...
Data link layer. 1. Physical layer. v. t. e. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer. [ 2] The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to ...
Crash (computing) A kernel panic displayed on an iMac. This is the most common form of an operating system failure in Unix-like systems. In computing, a crash, or system crash, occurs when a computer program such as a software application or an operating system stops functioning properly and exits. On some operating systems or individual ...