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Parallel computing. Large supercomputers such as IBM's Blue Gene/P are designed to heavily exploit parallelism. Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. [ 1] Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time.
Distributed computing. Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. [ 1][ 2] The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another ...
Flynn's taxonomy. Flynn's taxonomy is a classification of computer architectures, proposed by Michael J. Flynn in 1966 [ 1] and extended in 1972. [ 2] The classification system has stuck, and it has been used as a tool in the design of modern processors and their functionalities. Since the rise of multiprocessing central processing units (CPUs ...
Flynn's taxonomy. In computing, multiple instruction, multiple data ( MIMD) is a technique employed to achieve parallelism. Machines using MIMD have a number of processor cores that function asynchronously and independently. At any time, different processors may be executing different instructions on different pieces of data.
Parallel programming model. In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality: how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety ...
Data parallelism is parallelization across multiple processors in parallel computing environments. It focuses on distributing the data across different nodes, which operate on the data in parallel. It can be applied on regular data structures like arrays and matrices by working on each element in parallel. It contrasts to task parallelism as ...
“Distributed” or “grid” computing in general is a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a network (private, public or the Internet) by a conventional network interface producing commodity hardware, compared to the lower efficiency of designing and constructing a small ...
The K computer is a water-cooled, homogeneous processor, distributed memory system with a cluster architecture. [32] [49] It uses more than 80,000 SPARC64 VIIIfx processors, each with eight cores, for a total of over 700,000 cores—almost twice as many as any other system. It comprises more than 800 cabinets, each with 96 computing nodes (each ...