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This is a list of articles about prime numbers. A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes.
However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
Generation of primes. In computational number theory, a variety of algorithms make it possible to generate prime numbers efficiently. These are used in various applications, for example hashing, public-key cryptography, and search of prime factors in large numbers. For relatively small numbers, it is possible to just apply trial division to ...
A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.
A simple formula is. for positive integer , where is the floor function, which rounds down to the nearest integer. By Wilson's theorem, is prime if and only if . Thus, when is prime, the first factor in the product becomes one, and the formula produces the prime number . But when is not prime, the first factor becomes zero and the formula ...
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is structured around ten main classes covering the entire world of knowledge; each main class is further structured into ten hierarchical divisions, each having ten divisions of increasing specificity. [1] As a system of library classification the DDC is "arranged by discipline, not subject", so a topic ...
If each book had a mass of 100 grams, all of them would have a total mass of 10 93 kilograms. In comparison, Earth 's mass is 5.972 × 10 24 kilograms, the mass of the Milky Way galaxy is estimated at 2.5 × 10 42 kilograms, and the total mass of all the stars in the observable universe is estimated at 2 × 10 52 kg.
M. Marsaglia's theorem. A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates. MIXMAX generator.