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Sodium thiosulfate ( sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O3· (H2O)x. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications.
Chlorine. orthorhombic ( oS8) Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element ...
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. [ 1][ 2][ 3]
The anoxygenic phototrophic iron oxidation was the first anaerobic metabolism to be described within the iron anaerobic oxidation metabolism. The photoferrotrophic bacteria use Fe 2+ as electron donor and the energy from light to assimilate CO 2 into biomass through the Calvin Benson-Bassam cycle (or rTCA cycle) in a neutrophilic environment (pH 5.5-7.2), producing Fe 3+ oxides as a waste ...
Chlorine levels up to 4 milligrams per litre (4 parts per million) are considered safe in drinking water. [10] All forms of chlorine are widely used, despite their respective drawbacks. One drawback is that chlorine from any source reacts with natural organic compounds in the water to form potentially harmful chemical by-products.
Magnesium chloride ( E511 [ 19]) is an important coagulant used in the preparation of tofu from soy milk . In Japan it is sold as nigari ( にがり, derived from the Japanese word for "bitter"), a white powder produced from seawater after the sodium chloride has been removed, and the water evaporated. In China, it is called lushui ( 卤水 ).
Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution ( brine ), which is known as the Chloralkali process. The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ). These two products, as well as chlorine itself, are highly reactive.
v. t. e. Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride ). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per ...
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