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Chlorine. orthorhombic ( oS8) Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element ...
Chlorine levels up to 4 milligrams per litre (4 parts per million) are considered safe in drinking water. [10] All forms of chlorine are widely used, despite their respective drawbacks. One drawback is that chlorine from any source reacts with natural organic compounds in the water to form potentially harmful chemical by-products.
The chlorine cycle (Cl) is the biogeochemical cycling of chlorine through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Chlorine is most commonly found as inorganic chloride ions, or a number of chlorinated organic forms. [1] [2] Over 5,000 biologically-produced chlorinated organics have been identified. [3]
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. [ 1][ 2][ 3]
The chlorine ion is an anion (negatively charged ion) with the charge Cl −. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. [4] It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells.
Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution ( brine ), which is known as the Chloralkali process. The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ). These two products, as well as chlorine itself, are highly reactive.
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class ( alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical ...
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