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  2. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    Astronomy portal. v. t. e. The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy. the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM. ordinary matter. It is referred to as the standard model of ...

  3. Cosmological constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant

    t. e. In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ ), alternatively called Einstein's cosmological constant, is the constant coefficient of a term that Albert Einstein temporarily added to his field equations of general relativity. He later removed it; however, much later it was revived and ...

  4. Physical cosmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology

    Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. [ 1]

  5. Cosmic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic

    Cosmic (album), an album by Bazzi, 2018. Cosmic (EP), by Red Velvet, 2024. Afro/Cosmic music. "Cosmic", a song by Kylie Minogue from the album X. CosM.i.C, a member of the Swedish rap group Looptroop Rockers. Cosmic, an album by Thomas Anders. "Cosmic", an Avenged Sevenfold song off their album Life Is But a Dream...

  6. Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant_problem

    In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory . Depending on the Planck energy cutoff and other ...

  7. Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin...

    The Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit ( GZK limit or GZK cutoff) is a theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons traveling from other galaxies through the intergalactic medium to our galaxy. The limit is 5 × 1019 eV (50 EeV), or about 8 joules (the energy of a proton travelling at ≈ 99.999 999 999 999 999 999 98 % the speed ...

  8. Cosmic string - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_string

    Cosmic string. Cosmic strings are hypothetical 1-dimensional topological defects which may have formed during a symmetry-breaking phase transition in the early universe when the topology of the vacuum manifold associated to this symmetry breaking was not simply connected. Their existence was first contemplated by the theoretical physicist Tom ...

  9. List of cosmological computation software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmological...

    GADGET, named "GAlaxies with Dark matter and Gas intEracT" is a code written in C++ for cosmological N-body / Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations on massively parallel computers with distributed memory. [15] Its first version was developed by German astrophysicist, Volker Springel and was published in 2000. [16]