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Economic efficiency. In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: [citation needed] Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the ...
Exchange economy. Exchange economy is technical term used in microeconomics research to describe interaction between several agents. In the market, the agent is the subject of exchange and the good is the object of exchange. Each agent brings his/her own endowment, and they can exchange products among them based on a price system.
In economics, a medium of exchange is any item that is widely acceptable in exchange for goods and services. [ 1] In modern economies, the most commonly used medium of exchange is currency. Most forms of money are categorised as mediums of exchange, including commodity money, representative money, cryptocurrency, and most commonly fiat money.
The balance of trade measures a flow variable of exports and imports over a given period of time. The notion of the balance of trade does not mean that exports and imports are "in balance" with each other. If a country exports a greater value than it imports, it has a trade surplus or positive trade balance, and conversely, if a country imports ...
Macroeconomics. Production and national income: Macroeconomics takes a big-picture view of the entire economy, including examining the roles of, and relationships between, firms, households and governments, and the different types of markets, such as the financial market and the labour market. Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals ...
Economics. In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a mutual perspective on the way economies function. While economists do not always fit within particular schools, particularly in the modern era, classifying economists into schools of thought is common.
An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market.It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many of the same factors, such as economic scale and openness, inflation rate, the elasticity of the labor market, financial market development, and ...
Globalization, or globalisation ( Commonwealth English; see spelling differences ), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. [ 1] The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting an earlier French term mondialisation ), developed its current meaning sometime in ...