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Cannabis use disorder ( CUD ), also known as cannabis addiction or marijuana addiction, is a psychiatric disorder defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5) and ICD-10 as the continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment. [ 2][ 3]
Somatic effects. Bloodshot eye. Some of the short-term physical effects of cannabis use include increased heart rate, dry mouth, reddening of the eyes (congestion of the conjunctival blood vessels ), a reduction in intra-ocular pressure, muscle relaxation, and a sensation of cold or hot hands and feet. [ 53]
Over time, the marijuana gateway hypothesis has been studied more and more. In one published study, the use of marijuana was shown not a reliable gateway cause of illicit drug use. [67] However, social factors and environment influence drug use and abuse, making the gateway effects of cannabis different for those in differing social circumstances.
Nearly 90% of U.S. adults think marijuana should be legal, either for recreational and medical use, or just for medical use, according to a November 2022 report from the Pew Research Center.
Cannabis use and trauma. Cannabis use and trauma is the contribution that trauma plays in promoting the use and potential abuse of cannabis. [1] Conversely, cannabis use has been associated with the intensity of trauma and PTSD symptoms. [2] [3] While evidence of efficacious use of cannabis is growing in novelty, it is not currently recommended.
A participant in a study on the effects of cannabis, shows the marijuana flowers he has grown in his backyard, in Longmont, Colorado, U.S., December 19, 2019.
Marihuana prensada ('pressed marijuana') is a cannabis-derived product widespread among the lower classes of South America, [185] especially from the 90s. Locally it is known as "paraguayo" or "paragua", since its main producer is Paraguay. [186] Marijuana is dried and mixed with binding agents that make it toxic and highly harmful to health. [187]
Classification. The National Institute on Drug Abuse defines medical cannabis as "using the whole, unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat symptoms of illness and other conditions". [ 14] A cannabis plant includes more than 400 different chemicals, of which about 70 are cannabinoids. [ 15]