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  2. Stock nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_nomenclature

    Stock nomenclature for inorganic compounds is a widely used system of chemical nomenclature developed by the German chemist Alfred Stock and first published in 1919. In the "Stock system", the oxidation states of some or all of the elements in a compound are indicated in parentheses by Roman numerals. [1] [2]

  3. Standard solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_solution

    Here, a stock solution of glutamine is added in increasing increments with a high-accuracy instrument, such as a volumetric pipette, and diluted to the same volume in volumetric flasks. The resulting concentration is calculated using the formula for molar concentration. The result is 4 standard solutions with varying known concentrations plus a ...

  4. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    In the form of anthracite, price per carbon contained, assuming 90% carbon content. There is a wide variation of price of carbon depending on its form. Lower ranks of coal can be less expensive, for example sub-bituminous coal can cost around US$0.038/kg carbon. Graphite flakes can cost around US$0.9/kg carbon.

  5. Intrinsic value (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_value_(finance)

    For example, if the strike price for a call option is USD 1.00 and the price of the underlying is US$1.20, then the option has an intrinsic value of US$0.20. This is because that call option allows the owner to buy the underlying stock at a price of 1.00, which they could then sell at its current market value of 1.20.

  6. Volatility (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(finance)

    Volatility (finance) In finance, volatility (usually denoted by "σ") is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns . Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price ...

  7. Black–Scholes equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black–Scholes_equation

    The average value of the trajectories' end-point is exactly equal to the height of the surface. In mathematical finance, the Black–Scholes equation, also called the Black–Scholes–Merton equation, is a partial differential equation (PDE) governing the price evolution of derivatives under the Black–Scholes model. [1]

  8. Alkylation unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation_unit

    The two main chemical processes in the alkylation unit. Since crude oil generally contains only 10-40% of hydrocarbon constituents in the gasoline range, refineries typically use an FCCU to convert high molecular weight hydrocarbons into smaller and more volatile compounds, which are then converted into liquid gasoline-size hydrocarbons ...

  9. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in conversions, i.e., converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the conversion factor, or from grams to milliliters using density. For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one would do the following: