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Sudoku can be solved using stochastic (random-based) algorithms. [9] [10] An example of this method is to: Randomly assign numbers to the blank cells in the grid. Calculate the number of errors. "Shuffle" the inserted numbers until the number of mistakes is reduced to zero. A solution to the puzzle is then found.
Mathematical context. The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n2 × n2 grids of n × n blocks is known to be NP-complete. [8] A puzzle can be expressed as a graph coloring problem. [9] The aim is to construct a 9-coloring of a particular graph, given a partial 9-coloring. The Sudoku graph has 81 vertices, one vertex for each cell.
In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated as a sequence of numbers starting from that ...
Optimal solutions for the Rubik's Cube. Optimal solutions for the Rubik's Cube are solutions that are the shortest in some sense. There are two common ways to measure the length of a solution. The first is to count the number of quarter turns. The second is to count the number of outer-layer twists, called "face turns".
CFOP method. The CFOP method (Cross – F2L – OLL – PLL), also known as the Fridrich method, is one of the most commonly used methods in speedsolving a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube. It is one of the fastest methods. This method was first developed in the early 1980s, combining innovations by a number of speed cubers. Jessica Fridrich, a Czech speed ...
The Rubik's Cube is a 3D combination puzzle invented in 1974 [ 2][ 3] by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the Magic Cube, [ 4] the puzzle was licensed by Rubik to be sold by Pentangle Puzzles in the UK in 1978, [ 5] and then by Ideal Toy Corp in 1980 [ 6] via businessman Tibor Laczi and Seven Towns ...
This is halfway through a vertical turn. The Square-1 is a variant of the Rubik's Cube. Its distinguishing feature among the numerous Rubik's Cube variants is that it can change shape as it is twisted, due to the way it is cut, thus adding an extra level of challenge and difficulty. The Super Square One and Square Two puzzles have also been ...
Ariadne's thread, named for the legend of Ariadne, is solving a problem which has multiple apparent ways to proceed—such as a physical maze, a logic puzzle, or an ethical dilemma —through an exhaustive application of logic to all available routes. It is the particular method used that is able to follow completely through to trace steps or ...