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However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
A hardware random number generator (HRNG) is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy. Learn about the history, uses, and types of HRNGs, and how they differ from pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs).
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is an algorithm that produces a sequence of numbers that resemble random numbers, but are completely determined by an initial value. Learn about the properties, applications, and potential issues of PRNGs, as well as the difference between PRNGs and cryptographically secure PRNGs (CSPRNGs).
A pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) is a deterministic binary sequence that is difficult to predict and behaves like a random sequence. Learn how to generate PRBS using linear-feedback shift registers, and see examples of PRBS7 and other PRBS polynomials.
Learn how to use the major system, a mnemonic technique to memorize numbers by converting them into consonants and words. The system is based on the principle that images are easier to remember than numbers and has a standard mapping of numerals to sounds.
The Luhn algorithm, also known as the mod 10 algorithm, is a simple formula to validate identification numbers. It involves doubling every second digit, summing the digits, and subtracting the modulus 10 from the sum.
A UUID is a 128-bit label used for information in computer systems. Learn about the history, standards, formats and examples of UUIDs, including the legacy Apollo NCS UUID and the OSF DCE UUID.
The resulting algorithm for generating a random permutation of a[0], a[1], ..., a[n − 1] can be described as follows in pseudocode: for i from n downto 2 do d i ← random element of { 0, ..., i − 1 } swap a[d i] and a[i − 1] This can be combined with the initialization of the array a[i] = i as follows