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There is a symmetry between a function and its inverse. Specifically, if f is an invertible function with domain X and codomain Y, then its inverse f −1 has domain Y and image X, and the inverse of f −1 is the original function f. In symbols, for functions f:X → Y and f −1:Y → X, [13]
In calculus, the inverse function rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the inverse of a bijective and differentiable function f in terms of the derivative of f. More precisely, if the inverse of is denoted as , where if and only if , then the inverse function rule is, in Lagrange's notation , .
The inverse function theorem can also be generalized to differentiable maps between Banach spaces X and Y. [20] Let U be an open neighbourhood of the origin in X and F : U → Y {\displaystyle F:U\to Y\!} a continuously differentiable function, and assume that the Fréchet derivative d F 0 : X → Y {\displaystyle dF_{0}:X\to Y\!} of F at 0 is ...
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4.The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1.
The reciprocal function: y = 1/x.For every x except 0, y represents its multiplicative inverse. The graph forms a rectangular hyperbola.. In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x −1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1.
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [ 1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [ 2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks ...
[a] This means that the function that maps y to f(x) + J(x) ⋅ (y – x) is the best linear approximation of f(y) for all points y close to x. The linear map h → J(x) ⋅ h is known as the derivative or the differential of f at x. When m = n, the Jacobian matrix is square, so its determinant is a well-defined function of x, known as the ...
The multiplicative inverse x ≡ a −1 (mod m) may be efficiently computed by solving Bézout's equation a x + m y = 1 for x, y, by using the Extended Euclidean algorithm. In particular, if p is a prime number, then a is coprime with p for every a such that 0 < a < p ; thus a multiplicative inverse exists for all a that is not congruent to ...