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e. Enzymes ( / ˈɛnzaɪmz /) are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
G ὑπέρ Βορέᾱ ( hupér Boréā) from the Arctic region ( Hyperborea) glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus; tundra fleabane, Erigeron hyperboreus. tangle or cuvie, Laminaria hyperborea; estuary beggarsticks, Bidens hyperborea. boreal bur-reed, Sparganium hyperboreum; boreal haircap moss, Polytrichum hyperboreum.
Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms, those biomolecules are often endogenous, [ 2] produced ...
Protease. Ribbon diagram of a protease ( TEV protease) complexed with its peptide substrate in black with catalytic residues in red. ( PDB: 1LVB ) A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) [ 1] is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and ...
Photosynthesis ( / ˌfoʊtəˈsɪnθəsɪs / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [ 1] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
In biology and biochemistry, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate, the binding site, and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate, the catalytic site.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.