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HRTF filtering effect. A head-related transfer function (HRTF) is a response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space. As sound strikes the listener, the size and shape of the head, ears, ear canal, density of the head, size and shape of nasal and oral cavities, all transform the sound and affect how it is perceived, boosting some frequencies and attenuating others.
In signal processing, group delay and phase delay are two related ways of describing how a signal's frequency components are delayed in time when passing through a linear time-invariant (LTI) system (such as a microphone, coaxial cable, amplifier, loudspeaker, telecommunications system, ethernet cable, digital filter, or analog filter ).
Active noise control ( ANC ), also known as noise cancellation ( NC ), or active noise reduction ( ANR ), is a method for reducing unwanted sound by the addition of a second sound specifically designed to cancel the first. The concept was first developed in the late 1930s; later developmental work that began in the 1950s eventually resulted in ...
Homomorphic filtering can be used for improving the appearance of a grayscale image by simultaneous intensity range compression (illumination) and contrast enhancement (reflection). Where, m = image, i = illumination, r = reflectance. We have to transform the equation into frequency domain in order to apply high pass filter.
Noise -cancelling headphones alongside a carry case. Noise-cancelling headphones are headphones which suppress unwanted ambient sounds using active noise control. This is distinct from passive headphones which, if they reduce ambient sounds at all, use techniques such as soundproofing . Noise cancellation makes it possible to listen to audio ...
Equalization (audio) A stereo graphic equalizer. For the left and right bands of the sound content, there are a series of vertical faders, which can be used to boost or cut specific frequency ranges. This equalizer is set to a smiley face curve, in which the mid-range sound frequencies are cut. Equalizers are also made in compact pedal-style ...
A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases ( up-chirp) or decreases ( down-chirp) with time. In some sources, the term chirp is used interchangeably with sweep signal. [1] It is commonly applied to sonar, radar, and laser systems, and to other applications, such as in spread-spectrum communications (see chirp spread spectrum ).
Bone conduction is the conduction of sound to the inner ear primarily through the bones of the skull, allowing the hearer to perceive audio content even if the ear canal is blocked. Bone conduction transmission occurs constantly as sound waves vibrate bone, specifically the bones in the skull, although it is hard for the average individual to ...