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The legend is inscribed with "KRUGERRAND" and the gold weight. The Krugerrand ( / ˈkruːɡərænd /; [ 1] Afrikaans: [ˈkry.ərˌrant]) is a South African coin, first minted on 3 July 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by Rand Refinery and the South African Mint. [ 2][ 3] The name is a compound of Paul Kruger, the former ...
The price of gold, as denominated in US dollars, was stable until the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the mid-1970s. The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, and Australia and other countries, a total of 44 countries [1] after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.
The 1978 series began with denominations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 rand, with a 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series had only one language variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10, and 50 rand, while English was the first on the 5 and 20 rand. A coin replaced the 1 rand note.
20 1984 Royal Dutch/Shell Group [92] [93] Shell Oil Company: 5.5 16.1 21 1989 Hanson plc [94] Consolidated Gold Fields: 5.5 13.5 22 1985 General Motors [95] Hughes Aircraft Company: 5.2 14.7 23 1988 British American Tobacco [96] Farmers Insurance Group: 5.2 13.4 24 1987 John Philp Thompson Sr. [97] Southland Corporation: 5.1 13.7 25 1988 Thomas ...
The associations exist between the Aboriginal peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada; as was stated in the proposed First Nations – Federal Crown Political Accord: "cooperation will be a cornerstone for partnership between Canada and First Nations, wherein Canada is the short-form reference to Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada". [109]
Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020, [32] below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years, [ 32 ] also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century. [ 32 ]
US$122.9 billion (July 2024) [ 32][ 33] All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed economy, [ 34][ 35][ 36] with the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2023, and a nominal GDP of approximately US$ 2.117 trillion. [ 6] Canada is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a ...
The rates were determined by the Council of the European Union, [f] based on a recommendation from the European Commission based on the market rates on 31 December 1998. They were set so that one European Currency Unit (ECU) would equal one euro. The European Currency Unit was an accounting unit used by the EU, based on the currencies of the ...