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Supervised learning. Supervised learning ( SL) is a paradigm in machine learning where input objects (for example, a vector of predictor variables) and a desired output value (also known as a human-labeled supervisory signal) train a model. The training data is processed, building a function that maps new data to expected output values. [ 1]
Low-cost converter modules: two buck and one boost. Boost converter from a TI calculator, generating 9 V from 2.4 V provided by two AA rechargeable cells.. A boost converter or step-up converter is a DC-to-DC converter that increases voltage, while decreasing current, from its input to its output ().
t. e. In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables ...
In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. [1] In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the ...
then. This means that the sum of two independent normally distributed random variables is normal, with its mean being the sum of the two means, and its variance being the sum of the two variances (i.e., the square of the standard deviation is the sum of the squares of the standard deviations). [ 1]
Probability theory. In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is The parameter is the mean or expectation of the distribution (and also its median and mode ), while ...
The multivariate normal distribution is said to be "non-degenerate" when the symmetric covariance matrix is positive definite. In this case the distribution has density [5] where is a real k -dimensional column vector and is the determinant of , also known as the generalized variance.
Canonical normal form. In Boolean algebra, any Boolean function can be expressed in the canonical disjunctive normal form ( CDNF ), [1] minterm canonical form, or Sum of Products ( SoP or SOP) as a disjunction (OR) of minterms. The De Morgan dual is the canonical conjunctive normal form ( CCNF ), maxterm canonical form, or Product of Sums ( PoS ...