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B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [ 1][ 2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [ 1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name ...
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] [5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Benfotiamine. Benfotiamine ( rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S -acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. [ 1][ 2]
Allithiamine. Allithiamine ( thiamine allyl disulfide or TAD) is a lipid -soluble form of vitamin B 1 which was discovered in garlic ( Allium sativum) in the 1950s along with its homolog prosultiamine. [ 1] They were both investigated for their ability to treat Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome and beriberi better than thiamine.
Procyanidin. Epicatechin (EC), one of the building blocks of procyanidins. Cyanidin, the anthocyanidin produced when procyanidin are depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Procyanidins are members of the proanthocyanidin (or condensed tannins) class of flavonoids. They are oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules.
A vitamer ( / ˈvaɪtəmər /) of a particular vitamin is one of several related compounds that performs the functions of said vitamin and prevents the symptoms of deficiency of said vitamin. Early research identified vitamins by their ability to cure vitamin-specific deficiency diseases. For example, vitamin B 1 was first identified as a ...
Plants are capable of producing and synthesizing diverse groups of organic compounds and are divided into two major groups: primary and secondary metabolites. [9] Secondary metabolites are metabolic intermediates or products which are not essential to growth and life of the producing plants but rather required for interaction of plants with their environment and produced in response to stress.
Flavoprotein. Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin. These proteins are involved in a wide array of biological processes, including removal of radicals contributing to oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and DNA repair. The flavoproteins are some of the most-studied families of enzymes.