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The planar process was developed by Noyce's colleague Jean Hoerni in early 1959, based on the silicon surface passivation and thermal oxidation processes developed by Mohamed M. Atalla at Bell Labs in the late 1950s. [ 4][ 5][ 6] Computers using IC chips began to appear in the early 1960s.
Retrocomputing. Retrocomputing is the current use of older computer hardware and software. Retrocomputing is usually classed as a hobby and recreation rather than a practical application of technology; enthusiasts often collect rare and valuable hardware and software for sentimental reasons. [ 1]
22 May. Japan. The game Pac-Man was released. [ 1] June. United States. (US) Commodore released the VIC-20, which had 3.5 KB of usable memory and was based on the MOS Technology 6502 processor. Magazines became available which contained the code for various utilities and games.
October 1990. Macintosh Classic released, an identical replacement to the Macintosh Plus of January 1986. Also came the Macintosh IIsi which ran a 68030 processor at 20 MHz to achieve 5.0 MIPS, and also a 256 colour video adapter. November 19, 1990. Microsoft Office released.
Microsoft is a developer of personal computer software. It is best known for its Windows operating system, the Internet Explorer and subsequent Microsoft Edge web browsers, the Microsoft Office family of productivity software plus services, and the Visual Studio IDE.
Legacy system. In 2011, MS-DOS was still used in some enterprises to run legacy applications, such as this US Navy food service management system. In computing, a legacy system is an old method, technology, computer system, or application program, "of, relating to, or being a previous or outdated computer system", [ 1] yet still in use.
This includes all computer companies (except spin-offs of defunct companies which are still active and defunct software companies) that can also be found in the subcategories. This category is for defunct computer companies of the United States , including companies that designed or manufactured computer hardware and peripherals .
Grace Murray Hopper: a pioneer of computing. She worked alongside Howard H. Aiken on IBM's Mark I. Hopper and also came up with the term " debugging ." Hedy Lamarr: invented a "frequency hopping" technology that the Navy used during World War II to control torpedoes via radio signals.