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In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital (binary) data on multiple carrier frequencies.
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a network multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used, but nodes attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be "idle". When they do transmit, nodes transmit their packet data in its entirety.
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the first and most influential models of communication. It was initially published in the 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" and explains communication in terms of five basic components: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination. The source produces the original message.
The source–message–channel–receiver model is a linear transmission model of communication. It is also referred to as the sender–message–channel–receiver model, the SMCR model, and Berlo's model. It was first published by David Berlo in his 1960 book The Process of Communication. It contains a detailed discussion of the four main ...
The process contains five stages that are slightly similar to the innovation-decision process that individuals undertake. These stages are: agenda-setting, matching, redefining/restructuring, clarifying and routinizing. Extensions of the theory Policy. Diffusion of Innovations has been applied beyond its original domains.
The diagram usually flows left to right (unless shown in a circular array) starting with the source. An advertising campaign uses the communication process diagram to ensure all the appropriate steps of communication are being taken in order. The source is the person or organisation that has a message they want to share with potential consumers.
Models of communication are representations of the process of communication. They try to provide a simple explanation of the process by highlighting its most basic characteristics and components. As simplified pictures, they only present the aspects that, according to the model's designer, are most central to communcation.
Shannon's diagram of a general communications system, showing the process by which a message sent becomes the message received (possibly corrupted by noise) This work is known for introducing the concepts of channel capacity as well as the noisy channel coding theorem. Shannon's article laid out the basic elements of communication: