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Radio-frequency identification ( RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder called a tag, a radio receiver, and a transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits ...
United States passports are passports issued to citizens and non-citizen nationals of the United States of America. [ 7] They are issued exclusively by the U.S. Department of State. [ 8] Besides passports (in booklet form), limited-use passport cards are issued subject to the same requirements. [ 9]
A biometric passport (also known as an electronic passport, e-passport or a digital passport) is a traditional passport that has an embedded electronic microprocessor chip, which contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of the passport holder. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a ...
The United States passport card is an optional national identity card and a travel document issued by the U.S. federal government in the size of a credit card. [ 2] Like a U.S. passport book, the passport card is only issued to U.S. citizens and U.S. nationals exclusively by the U.S. Department of State. The passport card allows its holders to ...
A machine-readable passport ( MRP) is a machine-readable travel document (MRTD) with the data on the identity page encoded in optical character recognition format. Many countries began to issue machine-readable travel documents in the 1980s. Most travel passports worldwide are MRPs. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requires ...
STIR/SHAKEN, or SHAKEN/STIR, is a suite of protocols and procedures intended to combat caller ID spoofing on public telephone networks.Caller ID spoofing is used by robocallers to mask their identity or to make it appear the call is from a legitimate source, often a nearby phone number with the same area code and exchange, or from well-known agencies like the Internal Revenue Service or ...
Near-field communication ( NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) or less. [ 1] NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. [ 2]
More traditional means of access control include token-based identification systems, such as a driver's license or passport, and knowledge-based identification systems, such as a password or personal identification number. Since biometric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying identity than token and ...