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Document Structuring Conventions, or DSC, is a set of standards for PostScript, based on the use of comments, that specifies a way to structure a PostScript file and a way to expose that structure in a machine-readable way. A PostScript file that conforms to DSC is called a conforming document . The need for a structuring convention arises ...
A public key infrastructure ( PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e ...
The certificates for which a CRL should be maintained are often X.509/public key certificates, as this format is commonly used by PKI schemes. Revocation versus expiration. Expiration dates are not a substitute for a CRL. While all expired certificates are considered invalid, not all unexpired certificates should be valid.
Certificate signing request. In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request ( CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the ...
The Automatic Certificate Management Environment ( ACME) protocol is a communications protocol for automating interactions between certificate authorities and their users' servers, allowing the automated deployment of public key infrastructure at very low cost. [1] [2] It was designed by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) for their Let ...
Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted since it was signed. The process employs the use of a cryptographic hash to validate authenticity and integrity. [1] Code signing was invented in 1995 by Michael Doyle, as part of ...
PKCS #7 files may be stored both as raw DER format or as PEM format. PEM format is the same as DER format but wrapped inside Base64 encoding and sandwiched in between ‑‑‑‑‑BEGIN PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑ and ‑‑‑‑‑END PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑. Windows uses the .p7b file name extension for both these encodings.
Authorization certificate. In computer security, an attribute certificate, or authorization certificate ( AC) is a digital document containing attributes associated to the holder by the issuer. [1] When the associated attributes are mainly used for the purpose of authorization, AC is called authorization certificate. AC is standardized in X.509.