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However, the kidneys are the primary osmoregulatory organs with the primary function of eliminating wastes and excess water and solutes. [29] Like other birds, the common raven is considered a uricotelic organism [30] with an osmoregulatory system consisting of a pair of kidneys that constitute 0.8% of its body mass.
Anatomical diagram of RAS [ 1] The renin–angiotensin system ( RAS ), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ( RAAS ), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. [ 2][ 3] When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor ...
The kidneys in mammals are usually bean-shaped or externally lobulated. They are located behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneally) on the back wall of the body. The typical mammalian kidney consists of a renal capsule, a peripheral cortex, an internal medulla, one or more renal calyces, and a renal pelvis.
Explanation of the levels in the human body; defines the column labels in the next table. Level Definition Organ systems: A biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Organ sub-systems A biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform just one function.
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems. The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen ), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet.
The underside and head of a female spider. Spiders, unlike insects, have only two main body parts ( tagmata) instead of three: a fused head and thorax (called a cephalothorax or prosoma) and an abdomen (also called an opisthosoma ). The exception to this rule are the assassin spiders in the family Archaeidae, whose cephalothorax is divided into ...
Tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin.
The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the human locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton ...