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However, the kidneys are the primary osmoregulatory organs with the primary function of eliminating wastes and excess water and solutes. [29] Like other birds, the common raven is considered a uricotelic organism [30] with an osmoregulatory system consisting of a pair of kidneys that constitute 0.8% of its body mass.
e. This article contains a list of organs in the human body. It is widely believed that there are 79 organs (this number goes up if you count each bone and muscle as an organ on their own, which is becoming a more common practice [1] [2] ); however, there is no universal standard definition of what constitutes an organ, and some tissue groups ...
The underside and head of a female spider. Spiders, unlike insects, have only two main body parts ( tagmata) instead of three: a fused head and thorax (called a cephalothorax or prosoma) and an abdomen (also called an opisthosoma ). The exception to this rule are the assassin spiders in the family Archaeidae, whose cephalothorax is divided into ...
Anatomical diagram of RAS [ 1] The renin–angiotensin system ( RAS ), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ( RAAS ), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. [ 2][ 3] When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor ...
The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the human locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton ...
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. [1] It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. [1] Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. [1] Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. [1]
Boost the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles (by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, breakdown of lipids in fat cells) Increase skeletal muscle readiness. Dopamine. Chromaffin cells. Increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial ...