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Lipoic acid is a cofactor for five enzymes or classes of enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the glycine cleavage system, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase, and the α-oxo (keto)adipate dehydrogenase. The first two are critical to the citric acid cycle. The GCS regulates glycine concentrations.
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Lipoic acid is an important co-factor in many enzyme systems, and one of them is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Studies that repressed the function of lipoyl synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds showed that this did not have adverse effects on seed growth and weight, but shortened the generation time as well as the flowering time of the ...
Glycerophosphorylcholine. L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine ( alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a natural choline compound found in the brain. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor [1] which has been investigated for its potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease [2] and other dementias. [3 ...
Dihydrolipoic acid is an organic compound that is the reduced form of lipoic acid. This carboxylic acid features a pair of thiol groups, and therefore is a dithiol. It is optically active, but only the R-enantiomer is biochemically significant. The lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid pair participate in a variety of biochemical transformations.
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