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  2. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. [22] Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument.

  3. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).

  4. Apophenia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophenia

    Apophenia ( / æpoʊˈfiːniə /) is the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things. [ 1] The term (German: Apophänie from the Greek verb ἀποφαίνειν (apophaínein)) was coined by psychiatrist Klaus Conrad in his 1958 publication on the beginning stages of schizophrenia. [ 2] He defined it as "unmotivated ...

  5. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    List of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. [ 1] Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research, [ 2][ 3] there are often controversies about how to classify ...

  6. List of paraphilias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paraphilias

    Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness. [ 20] Sexual arousal of a male in response to the image of himself as female. [ 21] Making oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia. [ 22] The image of oneself in the form of an infant. [ 19] The image of oneself in the form of a child.

  7. Negativity bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias

    The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.

  8. 10 supposedly 'bad' things that are actually really good for you

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/2015-08-16-10-supposedly...

    The truth is, most things aren't actually all that bad for you if you take them in moderation. Prepare to rejoice and check out the round-up gallery above for 10 supposedly bad things that are ...

  9. Pareidolia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia

    Pareidolia ( / ˌpærɪˈdoʊliə, ˌpɛər -/; [ 1] also US: / ˌpɛəraɪ -/) [ 2] is the tendency for perception to impose a meaningful interpretation on a nebulous stimulus, usually visual, so that one detects an object, pattern, or meaning where there is none. Pareidolia is a type of apophenia . Common examples include perceived images of ...