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  2. Open system (systems theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_(systems_theory)

    In the social sciences an open system is a process that exchanges material, energy, people, capital and information with its environment. French/Greek philosopher Kostas Axelos argued that seeing the "world system" as inherently open (though unified) would solve many of the problems in the social sciences, including that of praxis (the relation ...

  3. Engineering economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_economics

    Engineering economics, previously known as engineering economy, is a subset of economics concerned with the use and "...application of economic principles" [ 1] in the analysis of engineering decisions. [ 2] As a discipline, it is focused on the branch of economics known as microeconomics in that it studies the behavior of individuals and firms ...

  4. Social exchange theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_exchange_theory

    e. Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. The theory also involves economic relationships—the cost-benefit analysis occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value ...

  5. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology...

    Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ( STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development ...

  6. Behavioral economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_economics

    Behavioral economics is the study of the psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural and social factors involved in the decisions of individuals or institutions, and how these decisions deviate from those implied by classical economic theory. [ 1][ 2] Behavioral economics is primarily concerned with the bounds of rationality of economic agents.

  7. Experimental economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_economics

    Experimental economics is the application of experimental methods [ 1] to study economic questions. Data collected in experiments are used to estimate effect size, test the validity of economic theories, and illuminate market mechanisms. Economic experiments usually use cash to motivate subjects, in order to mimic real-world incentives.

  8. Engineering psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_psychology

    Engineering psychology, also known as Human Factors Engineering, is the science of human behavior and capability, applied to the design and operation of systems and technology. [1] As an applied field of psychology and an interdisciplinary part of ergonomics , it aims to improve the relationships between people and machines by redesigning ...

  9. Endowment effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endowment_effect

    Countervailing evidence for an evolutionary account is provided by studies showing that the endowment effect is moderated by exposure to modern exchange markets (e.g., hunter gatherer tribes with market exposure are more likely to exhibit the endowment effect than tribes that do not), [33] and that the endowment effect is moderated by culture ...

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