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Taxation. Taxes and subsidies change the price of goods and, as a result, the quantity consumed. There is a difference between an ad valorem tax and a specific tax or subsidy in the way it is applied to the price of the good. In the end levying a tax moves the market to a new equilibrium where the price of a good paid by buyers increases and ...
t. e. Prices of production (or "production prices"; in German Produktionspreise) is a concept in Karl Marx 's critique of political economy, defined as "cost-price + average profit". [ 1] A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; [ 2] it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services ...
In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (including labor, capital, or land) and taxation . The theory makes the most sense under assumptions of ...
The distinction between real prices and ideal prices is a distinction between actual prices paid for products, services, assets and labour (the net amount of money that actually changes hands), and computed prices which are not actually charged or paid in market trade, although they may facilitate trade. [1]
Value addedis a term in financial economicsfor calculating the difference between market valueof a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents. It is relatively expressed to the supply-demandcurve for specific units of sale.[1] It represents a market equilibriumview of production economicsand financial analysis.
In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible level of production, and the result is a cost curve. Profit-maximizing firms use cost curves to ...
In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it: i.e. the amount raised through sale of the product minus the cost of the materials, plant and labour power. The concept originated in Ricardian socialism, with the term "surplus value" itself ...
Any tax will raise cost of production hence shift the supply curve to the left. In the case of specific tax, the shift will be purely parallel because the amount of tax is the same at all prices. That amount is illustrated in the distance between the supply curve with taxation and the one without taxation. Specific tax are indirect tax.