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In the U.S. Constitution, the Three-fifths Compromise is part of Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3: . Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and ...
The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification that was prominent in the 20th-century United States. It asserted that any person with even one ancestor of black ancestry ("one drop" of "black blood") [ 1][ 2] is considered black ( Negro or colored in historical terms). It is an example of hypodescent, the automatic assignment ...
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
Amdahl's law. The theoretical speedup of the latency (via a reduction of latency, ie: latency as a metric is elapsed time between an input and output in a system) of the execution of a program as a function of the number of processors executing it, according to Amdahl's law. The speedup is limited by the serial part of the program.
Supermajority. A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and ...
Problems 1–6 compute divisions of a certain number of loaves of bread by 10 men and record the outcome in unit fractions. Problems 7–20 show how to multiply the expressions 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 7/4, and 1 + 2/3 + 1/3 = 2 by different fractions. Problems 21–23 are problems in completion, which in modern notation are simply subtraction problems.
Secretary problem. Graphs of probabilities of getting the best candidate (red circles) from n applications, and k / n (blue crosses) where k is the sample size. The secretary problem demonstrates a scenario involving optimal stopping theory [ 1][ 2] that is studied extensively in the fields of applied probability, statistics, and decision theory.
The 4% rule is designed to make your retirement savings last for 30 years. For example, if you retire at age 65 with $1 million in savings, the rule suggests you can withdraw $40,000 per year ...