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Learn how to calculate probabilities of winning or losing a lottery game based on combinatorics and hypergeometric distribution. Find formulas and examples for choosing 6 from 49, 6 from 48, and other lottery scenarios.
However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
Learn about the different types, symbols, colors, and codes of license plates used by the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories. See examples, trends, and variations of license plate numbers and expiration dates.
Learn about the different types of bingo cards, how they evolved from a 15th-century Italian game, and how they are randomly generated. Find out how many numbers are on a bingo card and how many unique cards are possible.
A hardware random number generator (HRNG) is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy. Learn about the history, uses, and types of HRNGs, and how they differ from pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs).
Lottery wheeling is a way of playing with more than one ticket and more numbers than those drawn in the lottery, to secure wins if some of the drawn numbers are hit. Learn about the purpose, examples, difficulties, and types of lottery wheeling systems, and how they differ from lottery prediction software.
A combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter. The number of k-combinations of a set of n elements is denoted by or , and can be computed using various formulas based on factorials and binomial coefficients.
A permutation is an arrangement of a set of objects in a sequence or a function that reorders the elements of a set. Learn about the different types of permutations, their applications, and their history in mathematics and cryptography.