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Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is an American third-party coin grading, authentication, attribution, and encapsulation service founded in 1985. The intent of its seven founding dealers, including the firm's former president David Hall, was to standardize grading. [4][5] The firm has divisions in Europe and Asia, and is owned by parent ...
Proof coins. Like circulated grades, proof coins are graded on the Sheldon scale from 1 to 70, and are preceded by the abbreviation ‘PF’ or ‘PR’ to distinguish them from circulation strikes. Proof coins graded 60 to 70 are mirrored to those of Uncirculated grades with the difference that the coin was not made for circulation.
Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC) is an international third-party coin grading and certification service based in Sarasota, Florida. It has certified more than 60 million coins. NGC certification consists of authentication, grading, attribution, and encapsulation in clear plastic holders. NGC is a subsidiary of Certified Collectibles Group (CCG ...
Coin grading. Coin grading[1] is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it was minted.
A Guide Book of United States Coins (The Official Red Book), first compiled by R. S. Yeoman in 1946, is a price guide for coin collectors of coins of the United States dollar, commonly known as the Red Book. Along with its sister publication, the older Handbook of United States Coins (The Official Blue Book), it is considered an authoritative U ...
The firm evaluates certain numismatically valuable U.S. coins already certified by Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) or Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS). [1] [2] Coins that CAC deems high-end for their grades receive green stickers, [3] which usually add premiums ranging from single digit percentages to 92% or more.
Third-party grading (TPG) refers to coin grading & banknote grading authentication, attribution, and encapsulation by independent certification services.. These services will, for a tiered fee depending on the value of the coin, "slab" a coin and assign a grade of 1-70 on the Sheldon grading system, with 1 being the lowest grade, with only faint details visible to 70, a practically perfect ...
International Coin Certification Service (ICCS) is a Canadian third-party coin certification company located in Toronto, Ontario. [1][2] ICCS certification consists of grading, authentication, grade qualification, variety attribution, and other determinations. ICCS grades most world coins but is particularly known for grading Canadian dollars.