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  2. Bootstrap aggregating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap_aggregating

    v. t. e. Bootstrap aggregating, also called bagging (from b ootstrap agg regat ing ), is a machine learning ensemble meta-algorithm designed to improve the stability and accuracy of machine learning algorithms used in statistical classification and regression. It also reduces variance and helps to avoid overfitting.

  3. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

    The bootstrap sample is taken from the original by using sampling with replacement (e.g. we might 'resample' 5 times from [1,2,3,4,5] and get [2,5,4,4,1]), so, assuming N is sufficiently large, for all practical purposes there is virtually zero probability that it will be identical to the original "real" sample. This process is repeated a large ...

  4. Out-of-bag error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-bag_error

    One set, the bootstrap sample, is the data chosen to be "in-the-bag" by sampling with replacement. The out-of-bag set is all data not chosen in the sampling process. When this process is repeated, such as when building a random forest, many bootstrap samples and OOB sets are created. The OOB sets can be aggregated into one dataset, but each ...

  5. Resampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resampling_(statistics)

    Resampling (statistics) In statistics, resampling is the creation of new samples based on one observed sample. Resampling methods are: Permutation tests (also re-randomization tests) Bootstrapping. Cross validation. Jackknife.

  6. Comparison of server-side web frameworks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side...

    Form validation framework(s) Scaffolding RAD Mobility CakePHP: PHP >= 7.2 [70] Any Yes Yes, Push & Cells Yes ORM, Data Mapper Pattern, SQL Relational Algebra Abstraction Layer Unit tests, object mocking, fixtures, code coverage, memory analysis with PHPUnit and Xdebug and Continuous Integration via Travis: Yes CRUD based, ACL-based, Multiple ...

  7. Cross-validation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_(statistics)

    Cross-validation (statistics) Comparing the cross-validation accuracy and percent of false negative (overestimation) of five classification models. Size of bubbles represent the standard deviation of cross-validation accuracy (tenfold). [ 1] Diagram of k-fold cross-validation. Cross-validation, [ 2][ 3][ 4] sometimes called rotation estimation ...

  8. Balanced repeated replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_repeated_replication

    Balanced repeated replication. Balanced repeated replication is a statistical technique for estimating the sampling variability of a statistic obtained by stratified sampling .

  9. W3C Markup Validation Service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service

    W3C Markup Validation Service. The Markup Validation Service is a validator by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that allows Internet users to check pre-HTML5 HTML and XHTML documents for well-formed markup against a document type definition (DTD). Markup validation is an important step towards ensuring the technical quality of web pages.