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Cambridge English: Young Learners, formerly known as Young Learners English Tests (YLE), is a suite of English language tests specially designed for children in primary and lower-secondary school. The tests are provided by the Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations).
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, [2] and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...
Cambridge English Qualifications aim to provide information about the learners’ level in each language skill (reading, writing, speaking and listening), to enable learners to take action on problem areas and monitor their progress. [11] This is also designed to allow students to be actively involved in their learning, and gain self-confidence ...
The Cambridge English Teaching Framework is a professional development framework, designed by Cambridge English Language Assessment, which is used by English language teachers to self-assess and plan their own development. The framework describes four stages of a teacher's development (Foundation, Developing, Proficient and Expert) across five ...
The CEFR was established by the Council of Europe between 1986 and 1989 as part of the "Language Learning for European Citizenship" project. In November 2001, a European Union Council Resolution recommended using the CEFR to set up systems of validation of language ability. The six reference levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2) are becoming widely ...
C2 Proficiency is the highest level qualification provided by Cambridge Assessment English and shows that learners have mastered English to an exceptional level. It is focused on Level C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). C2 Proficiency is one of the examinations in Cambridge English Qualifications – a path ...
46641801. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CamGEL[n 1]) is a descriptive grammar of the English language. Its primary authors are Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum. Huddleston was the only author to work on every chapter. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 2002 and has been cited more than 8,000 times.
Jane Osbourn, OBE, is a scientist and former chair of the UK BioIndustry Association. [1] A Natural Sciences graduate of Queens' College, Cambridge, Osbourn completed several post-graduate qualifications before moving into industry at Cambridge Antibody Technology, that became MedImmune and AstraZeneca. In the Queen's Birthday Honours list of ...