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Long interspersed nuclear elements ( LINEs) [1] (also known as long interspersed nucleotide elements [2] or long interspersed elements [3]) are a group of non-LTR ( long terminal repeat) retrotransposons that are widespread in the genome of many eukaryotes. [4] [5] LINEs contain an internal Pol II promoter to initiate transcription into mRNA ...
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living organisms and also the basic unit ...
Short tandem repeat ( STR) analysis is a common molecular biology method used to compare allele repeats at specific loci in DNA between two or more samples. A short tandem repeat is a microsatellite with repeat units that are 2 to 7 base pairs in length, with the number of repeats varying among individuals, making STRs effective for human ...
Cell division, growth, and proliferation. Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth.
Cell polarity. Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which ...
Cell adhesion molecule. Cell adhesion molecules ( CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins [ 1] that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. [ 2] In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings.
Here, four guanine bases, known as a guanine tetrad, form a flat plate. These flat four-base units then stack on top of each other to form a stable G-quadruplex structure. [66] These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the edges of the bases and chelation of a metal ion in the centre of each four-base unit. [67]
In cell biology, precursor cells —also called blast cells —are partially differentiated, or intermediate, and are sometimes referred to as progenitor cells. A precursor cell is a stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type, meaning they are unipotent stem cells. In embryology, precursor cells are a group of cells ...