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List of POSIX commands. This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in ...
File descriptor. In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor ( FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier ( handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket. File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no ...
Unix, Unix-like, Plan 9, Inferno, KolibriOS, IBM i. Platform. Cross-platform. Type. Command. License. Plan 9: MIT License. In most Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the ps ( process status) program displays the currently-running processes. The related Unix utility top provides a real-time view of the running processes.
cron. The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Unix-like operating systems. Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs [ 1] (commands or shell scripts ), also known as cron jobs, [ 2][ 3] to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. [ 4]
Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix -based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes ...
nice (Unix) nice is a program found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It directly maps to a kernel call of the same name. nice is used to invoke a utility or shell script with a particular CPU priority, thus giving the process more or less CPU time than other processes. A niceness of -20 is the lowest niceness, or highest ...
GPL and LGPL. Namespaces are a feature of the Linux kernel that partition kernel resources such that one set of processes sees one set of resources, while another set of processes sees a different set of resources. The feature works by having the same namespace for a set of resources and processes, but those namespaces refer to distinct resources.
The last string is the command that started the process. The state of a process can be changed using various commands. The fg command brings a process to the foreground, while bg sets a stopped process running in the background. bg and fg can take a job id as their first argument, to specify the process to act on.