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File descriptor. In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor ( FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier ( handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket. File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no ...
List of POSIX commands. This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in ...
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ( FHS) is a reference describing the conventions used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well. [ 1] It is maintained by the Linux Foundation. The latest version is 3.0, released on 3 June 2015.
A process can define how to handle incoming POSIX signals. If a process does not define a behaviour for a signal, then the default handler for that signal is being used. The table below lists some default actions for POSIX-compliant UNIX systems, such as FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux.
Process group. In a POSIX -conformant operating system, a process group denotes a collection of one or more processes. [1] Among other things, a process group is used to control the distribution of a signal ; when a signal is directed to a process group, the signal is delivered to each process that is a member of the group. [2]
JP Software command-line processors provide user-configurable colorization of file and directory names in directory listings based on their file extension and/or attributes through an optionally defined %COLORDIR% environment variable. For the Unix/Linux shells, this is a feature of the ls command and the terminal.
The plus sign signifies the default process for bg and fg. The text "Running" and "Stopped" refer to the process state. The last string is the command that started the process. The state of a process can be changed using various commands. The fg command brings a process to the foreground, while bg sets a stopped process running in the background.
Pipeline (Unix) A pipeline of three program processes run on a text terminal. In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of processes chained together by their standard streams, so that the output text of each process ( stdout) is passed directly ...