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P/B ratio. The price-to-book ratio, or P/B ratio, (also PBR) is a financial ratio used to compare a company's current market value to its book value (where book value is the value of all assets minus liabilities owned by a company). The calculation can be performed in two ways, but the result should be the same.
Graham number. The Graham number or Benjamin Graham number is a figure used in securities investing that measures a stock 's so-called fair value. [1] Named after Benjamin Graham, the founder of value investing, the Graham number can be calculated as follows: The final number is, theoretically, the maximum price that a defensive investor should ...
The Benjamin Graham formula is a formula for the valuation of growth stocks . It was proposed by investor and professor of Columbia University, Benjamin Graham - often referred to as the "father of value investing". [1] Published in his book, The Intelligent Investor, Graham devised the formula for lay investors to help them with valuing growth ...
Book value. In accounting, book value is the value of an asset [1] according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Traditionally, a company's book value is its total assets [clarification needed] minus ...
Tobin's q [a] (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v ), is the ratio between a physical asset 's market value and its replacement value. It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani. [1] [2] It was popularised a decade later ...
Stock dilution, also known as equity dilution, is the decrease in existing shareholders ' ownership percentage of a company as a result of the company issuing new equity. [ 1] New equity increases the total shares outstanding which has a dilutive effect on the ownership percentage of existing shareholders.
Editor’s note: This article was updated on June 14, 2022, to correct MGIC Investment Corporation’s price to tangible book value. These six standout financial stocks are attractive to value ...
Residual income valuation. Residual income valuation ( RIV; also, residual income model and residual income method, RIM) is an approach to equity valuation that formally accounts for the cost of equity capital. Here, "residual" means in excess of any opportunity costs measured relative to the book value of shareholders' equity; residual income ...