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  2. M squared - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_squared

    M squared. In laser science, the parameter M2, also known as the beam propagation ratio or beam quality factor is a measure of laser beam quality. It represents the degree of variation of a beam from an ideal Gaussian beam. [1] It is calculated from the ratio of the beam parameter product (BPP) of the beam to that of a Gaussian beam with the ...

  3. Laser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser

    The word laser is an anacronym that originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. [1] [2] The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow.

  4. List of laser types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_types

    Nd:YAP laser (yttrium aluminium perovskite) 1.0646 μm [7] Flashlamp, laser diode. Surgery, tattoo removal, hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with frequency doubling to produce a green 532 nm beam) Nd:Cr:YAG laser. 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) solar radiation. Experimental production of nanopowders.

  5. Laser linewidth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_linewidth

    Laser linewidth from high-power high-gain pulsed laser oscillators, comprising line narrowing optics, is a function of the geometrical and dispersive features of the laser cavity. To a first approximation the laser linewidth, in an optimized cavity, is directly proportional to the beam divergence of the emission multiplied by the inverse of the ...

  6. Laser beam quality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_Beam_Quality

    When a Gaussian laser beam is focused, the focused spot diameter is defined by d 00 = 4 λ f π D 00 {\displaystyle d_{00}={4\lambda f \over \pi D_{00}}} , (3) where d 00 is the ideal focused spot diameter, f is the focal length of the focusing lens, and D 00 is the input beam waist and is placed one focal length from the lens as shown in the ...

  7. Helium–neon laser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium–neon_laser

    A helium–neon laser or He-Ne laser is a type of gas laser whose high energetic medium gain medium consists of a mixture of ratio (between 5:1 and 20:1) of helium and neon at a total pressure of approximately 1 Torr (133 Pa) inside a small electrical discharge. The best-known and most widely used He-Ne laser operates at a wavelength of 632.8 ...

  8. Carbon-dioxide laser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-dioxide_laser

    The carbon-dioxide laser ( CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 [1] and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available. They are also quite efficient: the ratio of output ...

  9. AOL Mail for Verizon Customers - AOL Help

    help.aol.com/products/aol-mail-verizon

    1-800-358-4860. Get live expert help with your AOL needs—from email and passwords, technical questions, mobile email and more.