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Audioguru again said: That circuit will not make a perfect sinewave. U1-A makes a triangle wave then U2-A simply squashes its peaks a little. I made a perfect sinewave generator like this: Dear Audio guru, Thanks for your response. They built this circuit on the website with a snapshot of the three wave forms there.
This is my running circuit and its waveform. I have met the requirements set by my instructor in which Vrms=2.5 and is operating at <100Hz. My only problem is now making a sinusoidal waveform. I have tried a bunch of things like removing the C2 capacitor and adjusting some of the values but still have failed to obtain a clear sinusoidal wave.
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The second is obviously a sinusoidal wave (with half cycle from about t=-5 to t=+5 seconds), and the first is the result of a time domain convolution of a ramp with an integrator, subtracted from a constant which is12 in this case (which can be normalized later), and looks very similar to the second expression evaluated over a half wave period.
The intersections of these two produce a PWM timing that produces a sine wave PWM. Personally i like doing it other ways, but that has been used before in various schemes. You can even set this up electrically using a triangle wave and reference sine wave using a low power oscillator and that would generate the required PWM.
crutschow said: Use a 6V transformer with a bridge-rectifier, filter capacitor, and voltage regulator such as a 7805 or LM317 to get a regulated 5V. You can then connect the Schmidt Trigger directly to the transformer output for generating the 60Hz square-wave. For safety you never want to connect directly to the mains.
You are right. I should not expect sinusoidal wave form for control signal. Following my complete loop. To tune the PID what I have been doing is the following: 1) Eliminate de I and D gains; 2) start with small Kc gain; 3) give a STEP perturbation to the system; 4) increase the Kc till the response is oscillatory with constant amplitude.
Joined Feb 1, 2024. 96. Feb 27, 2024. #10. crutschow said: A pure sine-wave has no distortion, by definition. You sine-wave will have some, depending upon how much filtering you do. Your modified circuit I posted generates a sine-wave with about 3.2% harmonic distortion for a 1kHz square-wave.
When we think of AC, we need to first consider the basic sine wave formula. v = DC + A x sin(2πft) where DC = DC offset A = signal amplitude = ½ peak-to-peak voltage For this discussion, we assume DC = 0 RMS = √2 x A= 0.707 x A This true only for a sinusoidal wave. This is why it is difficult for many testmeters to show RMS for anything ...