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Brontok originated in Indonesia. It was first discovered in 2005. The name refers to elang brontok, a bird species native to South & Southeast Asia. It arrives as an attachment of e-mail named kangen.exe (kangen itself means "to miss someone/thing"). The virus/email itself contains a message in Indonesian (and some English).
Viral shedding. Viral shedding is the expulsion and release of virus progeny following successful reproduction during a host cell infection. Once replication has been completed and the host cell is exhausted of all resources in making viral progeny, the viruses may begin to leave the cell by several methods. [1]
Late March: Brontok variant N was found in late March. Brontok was a mass-email worm and the origin for the worm was from Indonesia. June: Starbucks is a virus that infects StarOffice and OpenOffice. Late September: Stration or Warezov worm first discovered. Development of Stuxnet is presumed to have been started between 2005 and 2006.
t. e. A genetically modified virus is a virus that has been altered or generated using biotechnology methods, and remains capable of infection. Genetic modification involves the directed insertion, deletion, artificial synthesis or change of nucleotide bases in viral genomes. Genetically modified viruses are mostly generated by the insertion of ...
Viral envelope. A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. [1] It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
Tissue tropism. Tissue tropism is the range of cells and tissues of a host that support growth of a particular pathogen, such as a virus, bacterium or parasite. [1] [2] Some bacteria and viruses have a broad tissue tropism and can infect many types of cells and tissues. [1] Other viruses may infect primarily a single tissue. [1]
Viral vectors consists of three components: [5] [6] A protein capsid and sometimes an envelope that encapsidates the genetic payload. This determines the range of cell types that the vector infects, termed its tropism. A genetic payload: the transgene that results in the desired effect when expressed.
Parapoxvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Poxviridae, in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. [1] Like all members of the family Poxviridae, they are oval, relatively large, double-stranded DNA viruses. Parapoxviruses have a unique spiral coat that distinguishes them from other poxviruses. Parapoxviruses infect vertebrates, including a wide ...