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Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi. The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model. The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model. The following is a list of Persian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.
964 — Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi)'s star catalog Book of the Fixed Stars; 1031 — Al-Biruni's al-Qanun al-Mas'udi, making first use of a planisphere projection, and discussing the use of the astrolabe and the armillary sphere. 1088 — The first almanac is the Almanac of Azarqueil written by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Azarqueil)
Arab scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237. Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following.
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However, Ibn Al Haytham agreed with the Earth being in the centre of the Solar System at a fixed position. [60] Nasir al-Din, during the 13th century, was able to combine two possible methods for a planet to orbit and as a result, derived a rotational aspect of planets within their orbits. [61]
Rumi was born to Persian parents, [ 35][ 12][ 13][ 36] in Balkh, [ 37] modern-day Afghanistan or Wakhsh, [ 4] a village on the East bank of the Wakhsh River known as Sangtuda in present-day Tajikistan. [ 4] The area, culturally adjacent to Balkh, is where Mawlânâ's father, Bahâ' uddîn Walad, was a preacher and jurist. [ 4]
Nasir al-Din Tusi was born in the city of Tus in medieval Khorasan (northeastern Iran) in the year 1201 and began his studies at an early age. In Hamadan and Tus, he studied the Quran, Hadith, Ja'fari jurisprudence, logic, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. [ 18] He was born into a Shī‘ah family and lost his father at a young age.
12th century – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi discusses Islamic cosmology, rejects Aristotle's idea of an Earth-centered universe, and, in the context of his commentary on the Quranic verse, "All praise belongs to God, Lord of the Worlds," and proposes that the universe has more than "a thousand worlds beyond this world." [50]