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In economics, an externality or external cost is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Externalities can be considered as unpriced components that are involved in either consumer or producer market transactions. Air pollution from motor vehicles is one example.
External debt measures an economy's obligations to make future payments and, therefore, is an indicator of a country's vulnerability to solvency and liquidity problems. [1] : xi–xii Another useful indicator is the net external debt position, which equals gross external debt minus external assets in the form of debt instruments.
An external auditor performs an audit, in accordance with specific laws or rules, of the financial statements of a company, government entity, other legal entity, or organization, and is independent of the entity being audited. [ 1] Users of these entities' financial information, such as investors, government agencies, and the general public ...
External validity is the validity of applying the conclusions of a scientific study outside the context of that study. [ 1] In other words, it is the extent to which the results of a study can generalize or transport to other situations, people, stimuli, and times. [ 2][ 3] Generalizability refers to the applicability of a predefined sample to ...
The Ministry of External Affairs is headed by the Minister of External Affairs (or simply, the Foreign Minister; in Hindi: Videsh Mantri).The Foreign Secretary is the most senior civil servant who is the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs, [8] and is supported by other secretary level officers. Foreign Secretary — Vikram Misri
An automated external defibrillator or automatic electronic defibrillator ( AED) is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, [ 1] and is able to treat them through defibrillation, the application of electricity which ...
In computing, external storage refers to non-volatile (secondary) data storage outside a computer 's own internal hardware, and thus can be readily disconnected and accessed elsewhere. Such storage devices may refer to removable media (e.g. punched paper, magnetic tape, floppy disk and optical disc ), compact flash drives ( USB flash drive and ...
Jainism divides the universe into living and non-living beings. Only when the living becomes attached to the non-living does suffering result. Therefore, happiness is the result of self-conquest and freedom from external objects. The meaning of life may then be said to be to use the physical body to achieve self-realization and bliss. [154]