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Sudoku solving algorithms. A typical Sudoku puzzle. A standard Sudoku contains 81 cells, in a 9×9 grid, and has 9 boxes, each box being the intersection of the first, middle, or last 3 rows, and the first, middle, or last 3 columns. Each cell may contain a number from one to nine, and each number can only occur once in each row, column, and box.
Backtracking. Backtracking is a class of algorithms for finding solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons a candidate ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that the candidate cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution. [1]
Dancing Links. In computer science, dancing links ( DLX) is a technique for adding and deleting a node from a circular doubly linked list. It is particularly useful for efficiently implementing backtracking algorithms, such as Knuth's Algorithm X for the exact cover problem. [1] Algorithm X is a recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first ...
1. Algorithm X with Knuth's suggested heuristic for selecting columns solves this problem as follows: Level 0. Step 1—The matrix is not empty, so the algorithm proceeds. Step 2—The lowest number of 1s in any column is two. Column 1 is the first column with two 1s and thus is selected (deterministically): 1. 2.
One algorithm solves the eight rooks puzzle by generating the permutations of the numbers 1 through 8 (of which there are 8! = 40,320), and uses the elements of each permutation as indices to place a queen on each row. Then it rejects those boards with diagonal attacking positions. This animation illustrates backtracking to solve the problem. A ...
O ( n ) {\displaystyle O (n)} (basic algorithm) In logic and computer science, the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland ( DPLL) algorithm is a complete, backtracking -based search algorithm for deciding the satisfiability of propositional logic formulae in conjunctive normal form, i.e. for solving the CNF-SAT problem.
According to your reference backtracking is a subset of brute force, therefore this section IS in the scope of brute force. Can we say the algorithm is elevated to "backtracking"? When solving a sudoku the algorithm described will not test "3456" in positions 1-4 if "345" in positions 1-3 have already been proven invalid (it will advance to "346").
Breadth-first search ( BFS) is an algorithm for searching a tree data structure for a node that satisfies a given property. It starts at the tree root and explores all nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level. Extra memory, usually a queue, is needed to keep track of the child nodes that were ...