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Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [ 1]
A quine is a computer program that takes no input and produces a copy of its own source code as its only output. The standard terms for these programs in the computability theory and computer science literature are "self-replicating programs", "self-reproducing programs", and "self-copying programs". A quine is a fixed point of an execution ...
In most of today's popular programming languages and operating systems, a computer program usually only has a single entry point.. In C, C++, D, Zig, Rust and Kotlin programs this is a function named main; in Java it is a static method named main (although the class must be specified at the invocation time), and in C# it is a static method named Main.
In software development, time-of-check to time-of-use ( TOCTOU, TOCTTOU or TOC/TOU) is a class of software bugs caused by a race condition involving the checking of the state of a part of a system (such as a security credential) and the use of the results of that check. TOCTOU race conditions are common in Unix between operations on the file ...
Polyglot (computing) In computing, a polyglot is a computer program or script (or other file) written in a valid form of multiple programming languages or file formats. [ 1] The name was coined by analogy to multilingualism. A polyglot file is composed by combining syntax from two or more different formats. [ 2]
Uninitialized variables are powerful bugs since they can be exploited to leak arbitrary memory or to achieve arbitrary memory overwrite or to gain code execution, depending on the case. When exploiting a software which utilizes address space layout randomization (ASLR), it is often required to know the base address of the software in memory.
This is an example of PHP code for the WordPress content management system. Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans rewrote the parser in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's name to the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. [11] [29] Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in June 1998.
Binary file. A hex dump of the 318 byte Wikipedia favicon, or . The first column numerates the line's starting address, while the * indicates repetition. A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. [ 1] The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". [ 2] Many binary file formats contain parts that can be ...