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Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [1]
A mode of operation describes how to repeatedly apply a cipher's single-block operation to securely transform amounts of data larger than a block. [3][4][5] Most modes require a unique binary sequence, often called an initialization vector (IV), for each encryption operation. The IV must be non-repeating, and for some modes must also be random.
An electronic counter is a sequential logic circuit that has a clock input signal and a group of output signals that represent an integer "counts" value. Upon each qualified clock edge, the circuit will increment (or decrement, depending on circuit design) the counts. When the counts have reached the end of the counting sequence (maximum counts ...
Galois/Counter Mode. In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) [ 1 ] is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources.
In automata theory and sequential logic, a state-transition table is a table showing what state (or states in the case of a nondeterministic finite automaton) a finite-state machine will move to, based on the current state and other inputs. It is essentially a truth table in which the inputs include the current state along with other inputs ...
A classic form of state diagram for a finite automaton (FA) is a directed graph with the following elements (Q, Σ, Z, δ, q 0, F): [2] [3] Vertices Q: a finite set of states, normally represented by circles and labeled with unique designator symbols or words written inside them; Input symbols Σ: a finite collection of input symbols or designators
decade counter (separate divide-by-2 and divide-by-5 sections) 14 SN74LS90: 74x91 1 8-bit shift register, serial in, serial out, gated input 14 SN74LS91: 74x92 1 divide-by-12 counter (separate divide-by-2 and divide-by-6 sections) 14 SN74LS92: 74x93 1 4-bit binary counter (separate divide-by-2 and divide-by-8 sections); different pinout for ...
A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow diagrams. Block diagrams are typically used for higher level ...