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Density ( volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
Number density. The number density (symbol: n or ρN) is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects ( particles, molecules, phonons, cells, galaxies, etc.) in physical space: three-dimensional volumetric number density, two-dimensional areal number density, or one-dimensional linear number density.
In chemistry, the mass concentration ρi (or γi) is defined as the mass of a constituent mi divided by the volume of the mixture V. [1] For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.
L3 N−1. In chemistry and related fields, the molar volume, symbol Vm, [1] or of a substance is the ratio of the volume occupied by a substance to the amount of substance, usually at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass ( M) divided by the mass density ( ρ ):
Mass fraction (chemistry) In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is: Because the individual masses of the ingredients of a mixture sum to , their mass fractions sum to unity:
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, superficial density, areic density, mass thickness, column density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is the kilogram per square metre (kg·m −2 ). A related area number density can be defined by ...
Dimension. In physics and engineering, mass flow rate is the mass of a substance which passes per unit of time. Its unit is kilogram per second in SI units, and slug per second or pound per second in US customary units. The common symbol is ( ṁ, pronounced "m-dot"), although sometimes μ ( Greek lowercase mu) is used.
In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance (symbol: ν, nu) is a mass-specific intrinsic property of the substance, defined as the quotient of the substance's volume ( V) to its mass ( m ). It is the reciprocal of density ρ ( rho) and it is also related to the molar volume and molar mass : The standard unit of specific volume is ...