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Third-generation minicomputers were essentially scaled-down versions of mainframe computers, whereas the fourth generation's origins are fundamentally different. [ clarification needed ] The basis of the fourth generation is the microprocessor , a computer processor contained on a single large-scale integration (LSI) MOS integrated circuit chip.
v. t. e. The history of computing hardware covers the developments from early simple devices to aid calculation to modern day computers . The first aids to computation were purely mechanical devices which required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic operation, then manipulate the device to obtain the result.
The fourth generation computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third generation computer era. Note that third generation computers were offered well into the 1990s. The list is organized by delivery year to customers or ...
ESA/390. z/Architecture. v. t. e. The IBM System/360 ( S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. [ 1] It was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applications and a complete range of applications from small to large.
SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950. UK. The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
v. t. e. In the history of video games, the third generation of video game consoles, commonly referred to as the 8-bit era, began on July 15, 1983, with the Japanese release of two systems: Nintendo 's Family Computer (commonly abbreviated to Famicom) and Sega 's SG-1000. [ 1][ 2] When the Famicom was released outside of Japan, it was remodeled ...
The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that ...
Grace Murray Hopper: a pioneer of computing. She worked alongside Howard H. Aiken on IBM's Mark I. Hopper and also came up with the term " debugging ." Hedy Lamarr: invented a "frequency hopping" technology that the Navy used during World War II to control torpedoes via radio signals.