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  2. Jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

    Jasper. Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [ 1][ 2] is an opaque, [ 3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron (III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ...

  3. Biggs jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggs_jasper

    Biggs jasper is a variety of the mineral jasper. It is a "picture jasper" – a jasper that exhibits particular patterns and colors – and is used as an opaque gemstone. [1] It exhibits intricate, shell- or layer-like patterns in shades of brown ranging from beige to dark brown. The stone was first discovered around 1960 near Biggs Junction ...

  4. Heliotrope (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)

    Heliotrope (mineral) The mineral aggregate heliotrope (from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios) 'sun' and τρέπειν (trépein) 'to turn'), also called Indian bloodstone or ematille, is a cryptocrystalline mixture of quartz that occurs mostly as jasper ( opaque) or sometimes as chalcedony ( translucent ). The "classic" bloodstone is ...

  5. Chalcedony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedony

    Chalcedony. Chalcedony ( / kælˈsɛdəni / kal-SED-ə-nee, or / ˈkælsəˌdoʊni / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [ 2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [ 3] These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic.

  6. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 v

  7. Carnelian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnelian

    References. [ 1][ 2] Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) [ 3] is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably. Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral ...

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